The term "Rosie" is used throughout the episode. This refers to Rosie the Riveter, a popular symbol of the female workforce of WWII, who took up important jobs vacated by men who were sent to fight in the war.
The McDougle Jemison Factory (where the Legends infiltrate in order to facilitate the repair of their broken time machine) is named in homage of two female pioneers in the history of the space program. Dr. Mae Jemison was the first African-American woman to travel into space. Sharon Caples McDougle, an African-American woman from Moss Point, MS, was Jemison's suit tech for the historic mission STS-47 aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavor September 12, 1992.
Astra's line "You don't stick a knife in a man's back nine inches, and then pull it out six inches and call it progress" is a quote from Malcolm X.
The planes being built are actually Consolidated PBY Catalinas built by Consolidated Aircraft starting in 1935.